| promisemed |
 Wysłany: Sro Mar 10, 2021 4:39 am Temat postu: The neurocognitive impairment during hypoglycemia |
|
The neurocognitive impairment during hypoglycemia can have potentially deleterious and cumulative long-term effects on intellectual function disposable lancets 28g i, particularly in young children (Davis & Jones, 1998). Asvold et al. reported lower cognitive scores overall in children with diabetes who had experienced severe hypoglycemic episodes than in those without history of hypoglycemia (Asvold, Sand, Hestad, & Bjorgaas, 2010). The long-term complications of recurrent hypoglycemia may also include impaired awareness to hypoglycemia and weight gain from preventive overfeeding, with negative impact on insulin resistance and risk of cardiovascular diseases (Cryer, 2004).
A recent review suggested that when selecting a DD measure, it is important to consider the following: (1) type of diabetes; (2) intention to measure specific aspects of distress versus a single construct; (3) which aspects of DD are of interest (e.g., regimen, emotional burden); and (4) for intervention studies which aspects of DD are targeted by the intervention that would influence change in this outcome measure (Dennick, Sturt, & Speight, 2017). To identify general categories associated with the construct of DD, Dennick et al. (2017) used a bottom-up approach based on empirically identified subscales of various DD measures. These five categories included treatment regimen, food/eating, hypoglycemia, future/complications, and negative emotional experiences related to diabetes. Here we provide a brief review of the various widely used DD measures (Table 20 insulin syringes sizes.1) and identify other measures containing subscales that also capture DD and review how available measures of DD differentially capture the categories of DD identified by Dennick et al. (2017).Table 20.1Examples of measures of diabetes distress
Several longitudinal studies have shown varying patterns of distress after diagnosis of diabetes in pediatric populations (Law, Walsh, Queralt, & Nouwen, 2013; Northam et al., 1996). Empirical investigations have acknowledged that development through the stage of adolescence for children with diabetes increases difficulties in psychological management of the disease (Cho insulin syringes, Craig, & Donaghue, 2014; Huston, Blount, Heidesch, & Southwood, 2016) resulting in poorer glycemic control (Samuelsson et al., 2016). Other than diagnosis, factors like change in treatment regimen, change of doctor, onset of a complication, change in healthcare plan, and changing or adding medications are commonly associated with exacerbating diabetes distress. These situations may lead to experiences of higher emotional distress in some patients at some point in time after diagnosis. Facing and dealing with these spells of distress usually become a part of routine management of the disease, but at times this distress may become very challenging. Healthcare professionals should evaluate and assess the emotional distress and psychological comorbidity of children and adolescents in their regular treatment regimen for better management of the disease (Delamater et al., 2014; Delamater, Patino-Fernandez, Smith, & Bubb, 2013). |
|
